New consumer services provided by smart metering

Should Clinical Services Provided by Pharmacists be Compensated?

Security and Smart Metering

The ‘smart grid’ is an upgrade of the existing 20th century electrical power grid, promoted to address the pressing issues of end-user energy monitoring, global warming, distributed power generation and emergency response. Smart grids are quickly spawning in Australia, Europe and North America. Security in smart grids is imperative to protect the functionality of their underlying networks, the ...

Ecosystem services provided by waterbirds.

Ecosystem services are ecosystem processes that directly or indirectly benefit human well-being. There has been much recent literature identifying different services and the communities and species that provide them. This is a vital first step towards management and maintenance of these services. In this review, we specifically address the waterbirds, which play key functional roles in many aqu...

Should Clinical Services Provided by Pharmacists be Compensated?

Ecosystem services provided by bats.

Ecosystem services are the benefits obtained from the environment that increase human well-being. Economic valuation is conducted by measuring the human welfare gains or losses that result from changes in the provision of ecosystem services. Bats have long been postulated to play important roles in arthropod suppression, seed dispersal, and pollination; however, only recently have these ecosyst...